Ranked: America’s Biggest Trade Deficits By Country

The Countries the U.S. Has the Biggest Trade Deficits With

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In 2025, America imported far more goods than it exported — pushing the U.S. goods trade deficit to a record $1.24 trillion.

The top five countries alone account for roughly 67% of the total goods deficit. This chart ranks the 15 countries where the U.S. runs its largest goods trade deficits, led by China, Mexico, and Vietnam.

From semiconductors to autos to consumer electronics, these trade relationships underscore how deeply American demand is intertwined with global manufacturing.

Data comes from the U.S. Census Bureau, and the visualization was created by Aneesh Anand.

The Three Countries Behind Nearly Half the Gap

China leads the list with a $202.1 billion deficit, followed closely by Mexico ($196.9 billion) and Vietnam ($178.2 billion). These three countries account for 46% of the overall trade deficit.

Notably, several Asian and European export powerhouses dominate the rankings, underscoring deep U.S. integration in global supply chains.

Rank	U.S. Trade Partner	2025 Deficit (US$ billion)	YoY Change
1	China	202.1	-32%
2	Mexico	196.9	15%
3	Vietnam	178.2	44%
4	Taiwan	146.8	99%
5	Ireland	114.2	32%
6	Germany	73.0	-14%
7	Thailand	71.9	58%
8	Japan	63.9	-8%
9	India	58.2	27%
10	South Korea	56.4	-14%
11	Canada	46.4	-25%
12	Switzerland	34.3	-10%
13	Malaysia	30.8	24%
14	Italy	30.8	-30%
15	Indonesia	23.7	33%

China has long been at the center of U.S. trade tensions. Despite years of tariffs and “decoupling” efforts, the bilateral goods deficit remains above $200 billion. Many consumer electronics, machinery, and intermediate goods still flow from Chinese factories to American buyers.

Mexico’s $196.9 billion deficit reflects its growing role as a manufacturing hub tied to U.S. supply chains, particularly in autos and electronics. Meanwhile, Vietnam’s $178.2 billion deficit highlights how production has shifted across Asia as firms diversify away from China.

Other countries high up the list include Taiwan ($146.8 billion) and Ireland ($114.2 billion), both key exporters of semiconductors and pharmaceuticals. Notably, the U.S. trade deficit with Taiwan nearly doubled year over year, rising 99% in 2025.

Why Trade Deficits Draw Political Attention

Trade deficits are not inherently “good” or “bad.” They often signal strong consumer demand and capital inflows. However, policymakers frequently view large, persistent deficits as a sign of lost manufacturing capacity or unfair trade practices.

While the overall U.S. trade deficit barely budged in 2025, bilateral gaps with certain countries remain politically sensitive. As a result, tariffs have been deployed to raise the cost of imports, encourage domestic production, and pressure trading partners into new agreements.

Still, tariffs can also increase costs for businesses and consumers, especially when supply chains are deeply intertwined. For a closer look at what drives these imbalances, see our breakdown of America’s trade deficit by product.

Goods vs. Services: A Different Story

It’s also important to distinguish between goods and services. While the U.S. runs a massive deficit in goods, it typically posts a surplus in services such as finance, technology, and intellectual property.

Looking at both sides of the ledger provides a more complete picture of America’s global economic position.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

For a deeper dive, check out America’s Services Trade Balances with Its Free Trade Partners on the Voronoi app to see how services surpluses offset goods deficits across key partners.