Crystalluria In Cats

Crystals can form in urine when certain minerals or other substances build up in higher-than-normal amounts. These crystals are usually spotted during a routine test called a urinalysis, where a small sample of urine is examined under a microscope. Some crystals are more common than others, and not all of them are equally harmful.

Two of the most frequently seen crystal types in cats are:

• Struvite crystals — These form when urine becomes too alkaline, or basic. They are often linked to urinary tract infections or diet.
• Calcium oxalate crystals — These tend to form in more acidic urine and are more common in older cats.

Other, less common crystal types can also appear and may point to more serious underlying health issues.

On their own, crystals in the urine don’t always cause a problem. However, when crystals clump together, they can form bladder or kidney stones. These stones can cause pain, difficulty urinating, blood in the urine, and in serious cases, a urinary blockage — which is a medical emergency, especially in male cats.

Signs that your cat may be having urinary troubles include:

• Straining to urinate
• Frequent trips to the litter box with little urine produced
• Blood in the urine
• Crying or showing signs of pain while urinating
• Urinating outside the litter box

If you notice any of these signs, contact your veterinarian right away.

Several factors can contribute to crystal formation in cats, including:

• Diet — What your cat eats plays a big role in urine chemistry
• Not drinking enough water — Concentrated urine is more likely to form crystals
• Urinary tract infections
• Underlying health conditions, such as kidney disease
• Toxin exposure — certain toxins have been linked to crystalluria and kidney damage

Treatment depends on the type of crystal found. Your veterinarian may recommend dietary changes, increased water intake, prescription food, or in some cases, medication or surgery to remove stones.

Crystalluria is something worth taking seriously, but it’s also very manageable with the right care. Always work closely with your veterinarian to figure out the best plan for your cat’s specific situation.